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The Boxer's Fracture

A Common Injury in Lethwei

Overview

The human hand consists of a complex arrangement of bones that form the skeletal framework for its functionality. There are 27 bones in the human hand, divided into three main groups: the carpal bones, the metacarpal bones, and the phalanges. There are eight carpal bones, which are arranged in two rows of four each. The carpal bones provide stability and support to the wrist joint and allow for a wide range of wrist movements. There are five metacarpal bones, one for each of the five fingers. They are numbered I (thumb) through V (pinky) and are situated between the carpal bones and the phalanges. Metacarpals form the palm of the hand and serve as a connection between the wrist and the fingers. Each finger (except the thumb) consists of three phalanges: the proximal phalanx, the middle phalanx, and the distal phalanx. The thumb has only two phalanges: the proximal and distal phalanges. These bones allow for the flexion and extension of the fingers and contribute to the hand’s dexterity and ability to grasp objects.

The arrangement of these bones, along with the surrounding ligaments, tendons, and muscles, enables the hand to perform a wide range of intricate movements and functions, making it a remarkable tool for tasks such as gripping, manipulating objects, and performing fine motor skills. 

A Boxer’s Fracture is a type of fracture that can occur when the fifth metacarpal bone in the hand, which connects to the pinky finger, breaks. It can occur when an individual clenches their fist and strikes a hard surface such as the human skull with significant force. The impact transfers energy to the metacarpal bones, which are the long bones in the hand that connect the fingers to the wrist. The force can cause one or more of these bones to break. The Boxer’s Fracture is a common injury in the bare-fisted fighting of Lethwei.

Symptoms

There are a number of common symptoms that indicate that a Boxer’s Fracture has occurred. The most common symptom of a boxer’s fracture is severe pain at the site of the injury, typically in the knuckles or the back of the hand. Swelling and bruising may also accompany the fracture due to tissue damage and inflammation. In some cases, the fracture may cause a noticeable deformity with the knuckle appearing sunken or the finger deviating from its normal alignment. Individuals with a boxer’s fracture may also find it challenging to move the affected finger or grip objects. In some cases, damage to nerves in the hand can lead to numbness or tingling sensations.

An individual who believes they have experienced a Boxer’s Fracture should seek treatment to prevent further damage to the hand. A doctor will assess the injury through physical examination and may order X-rays to confirm the diagnosis. If a Boxer’s Fracture is established by the medical evaluation, in most cases, the treatment will involve immobilizing the affected hand and wrist. This is typically achieved by placing the hand in a cast or splint to allow the fracture to heal properly. In severe cases or if the bones are significantly displaced, surgical intervention may be necessary to realign and stabilize the fractured bones. Once the fracture has healed, physical therapy may be recommended to improve hand strength and flexibility. Only after receiving a doctor’s approval should the individual recommence combat sports training.

Treatment

When someone suspects a boxer’s fracture, they should seek immediate medical attention. A doctor will assess the injury through physical examination and may order X-rays to confirm the diagnosis. In most cases, the treatment involves immobilizing the affected hand and wrist. This is typically achieved by placing the hand in a cast or splint to allow the fracture to heal properly. Pain relief may be provided through over-the-counter or prescription medications as recommended by the healthcare provider. After the fracture has healed, physical therapy may be recommended to improve hand strength and flexibility. In severe cases or if the bones are significantly displaced, surgical intervention may be necessary to realign and stabilize the fractured bones.

Prevention

Wear hand wraps and boxing gloves. When wearing boxing gloves, make sure to wrap your hands properly with hand wraps. This helps stabilize the wrist and provides additional protection to the bones and joints in your hand. Well-fitted boxing gloves can absorb and distribute the force of impact, reducing the risk of fractures. Learn and practice proper punching techniques. Proper form can reduce the stress on the hand and minimize the risk of injury. If you’re new to boxing or martial arts, consider working with a qualified coach who can teach you proper technique and provide guidance on injury prevention. Be mindful of the amount of force you use when striking objects. Hitting a hard surface with excessive force can increase the risk of a Boxer’s fracture. Use controlled and precise punches instead of wild and uncontrolled swings.

Strengthen your hands, wrists, and forearm muscles through exercises specifically designed to improve hand strength and stability. This can include grip strengthening exercises and wrist curls. Stretch and maintain flexibility in your hands and wrists. Flexible joints are less prone to injury. Give your hands adequate time to rest and recover between intense training sessions or competitions. Overuse and fatigue can increase the risk of injury.

If you experience any pain or discomfort in your hand after a training session or competition, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent a minor injury from worsening. A boxer’s fracture is a painful and potentially debilitating injury that can result from high-impact blows to the hand. Prompt medical attention, immobilization, and rehabilitation are key to successful recovery. Preventive measures, such as using hand protection and proper technique, can significantly reduce the risk of experiencing a boxer’s fracture, emphasizing the importance of safety and caution in activities that involve hand impacts.

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An Introduction to Myanmar

What is Lethwei?

Myanmar Traditional Boxing, or Lethwei, is widely regarded as one of the world’s most aggressive and powerful martial arts. With a history spanning over a thousand years, Lethwei is a distinctive form of Southeast Asian combat also known as the “Art of 9 Limbs.” This name reflects its use of a wide array of techniques, including headbutts, bare-fist punches, kicks, elbows, knees, clinches, throws, traps, and chokes.

Unlike other Southeast Asian martial arts such as Muay Thai in Thailand, Kun Khmer (Pradal Serey) in Cambodia, or Muay Lao in Laos, Lethwei’s unique approach incorporates an exceptionally broad arsenal of techniques. Its bare-knuckle fighting style and allowance of headbutts set it apart, creating a dynamic and raw combat sport with fewer restrictions. This uninhibited rule set enables Lethwei fighters to utilize strategies and tactics unavailable in other martial arts traditions, offering greater freedom of expression while also increasing the physical risks involved.

The absence of gloves and inclusion of headbutting amplify both the impact and the danger of Lethwei. Fighters can cause significant damage through techniques like trapping, choking, and throwing—maneuvers often banned in other combat sports. The sport’s defining characteristics—its range of techniques, the distance at which they are executed, and the choice of impact areas—underscore the distinctiveness of Lethwei.

For the people of Myanmar, Lethwei is far more than just a combat sport; it is a vital aspect of the nation’s cultural heritage and a profound source of pride. Rooted in Myanmar’s history, Lethwei symbolizes resilience, strength, and the enduring spirit of its people. As such, it holds a special place in the national identity and continues to be cherished as a living tradition that connects modern Myanmar to its ancient past.

Lethwei is often misunderstood by outsiders. Some incorrectly label it as “Thai Boxing with headbutts” or attempt to promote modified versions of the art that dilute its authenticity. These interpretations fail to grasp the essence of Lethwei, which is deeply entwined with the history, culture, and people of Myanmar.

Authentic Lethwei is practiced in many gyms and clubs across Myanmar, each with its own unique approach to training and technique. Despite these variations, all share a common foundation rooted in the official rules and traditions of the sport. Practitioners and enthusiasts should remain vigilant against the spread of “pseudo-Lethwei,” which misrepresents the true spirit of this martial art.

Lethwei’s unrestrained nature and profound cultural significance distinguish it as one of the most unique and respected fighting arts in the world. For those who seek to understand its essence, Lethwei offers not just a lesson in combat but a deeper connection to the soul of Myanmar.