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Lethwei Combinations...Its in the Numbers

8 Limbs (Muay Thai) vs 9 Limbs (Lethwei)

Muay Thai is known as the art of 8 limbs, because it allow fighters to punch, kick, knee, and elbow. Lethwei allows fighters to use an additional technique, the headbutt, and so it is known as the art of 9 limbs.

Below are comparisons between Muay Thai and Lethwei of permutations for combinations of 2, 3 and 4 techniques. These permutations demonstrate how adding one additional technique (the headbutt) makes a significant difference in the number of combinations possible.

A more open kickboxing method, like Lethwei, that allows an increased number of techniques and so combinations does not intrinsically make it superior to a kickboxing method that may have more restrictive rules and so allows fewer techniques and combinations. A greater number of combinations does provide individual fighters the option to use specific combinations that are more efficient and effective as a result.

The combination permutations below are generated using striking techniques only (punch/kick/elbow/knee/headbutt). They only demonstrate the differences between Muay Thai and Lethwei when considering the striking techniques as categories. They do not consider the variety of individual techniques (ex.: head hook vs body hook) within a given group.

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An Introduction to Myanmar

What is Lethwei?

Myanmar Traditional Boxing, or Lethwei, is widely regarded as one of the world’s most aggressive and powerful martial arts. With a history spanning over a thousand years, Lethwei is a distinctive form of Southeast Asian combat also known as the “Art of 9 Limbs.” This name reflects its use of a wide array of techniques, including headbutts, bare-fist punches, kicks, elbows, knees, clinches, throws, traps, and chokes.

Unlike other Southeast Asian martial arts such as Muay Thai in Thailand, Kun Khmer (Pradal Serey) in Cambodia, or Muay Lao in Laos, Lethwei’s unique approach incorporates an exceptionally broad arsenal of techniques. Its bare-knuckle fighting style and allowance of headbutts set it apart, creating a dynamic and raw combat sport with fewer restrictions. This uninhibited rule set enables Lethwei fighters to utilize strategies and tactics unavailable in other martial arts traditions, offering greater freedom of expression while also increasing the physical risks involved.

The absence of gloves and inclusion of headbutting amplify both the impact and the danger of Lethwei. Fighters can cause significant damage through techniques like trapping, choking, and throwing—maneuvers often banned in other combat sports. The sport’s defining characteristics—its range of techniques, the distance at which they are executed, and the choice of impact areas—underscore the distinctiveness of Lethwei.

For the people of Myanmar, Lethwei is far more than just a combat sport; it is a vital aspect of the nation’s cultural heritage and a profound source of pride. Rooted in Myanmar’s history, Lethwei symbolizes resilience, strength, and the enduring spirit of its people. As such, it holds a special place in the national identity and continues to be cherished as a living tradition that connects modern Myanmar to its ancient past.

Lethwei is often misunderstood by outsiders. Some incorrectly label it as “Thai Boxing with headbutts” or attempt to promote modified versions of the art that dilute its authenticity. These interpretations fail to grasp the essence of Lethwei, which is deeply entwined with the history, culture, and people of Myanmar.

Authentic Lethwei is practiced in many gyms and clubs across Myanmar, each with its own unique approach to training and technique. Despite these variations, all share a common foundation rooted in the official rules and traditions of the sport. Practitioners and enthusiasts should remain vigilant against the spread of “pseudo-Lethwei,” which misrepresents the true spirit of this martial art.

Lethwei’s unrestrained nature and profound cultural significance distinguish it as one of the most unique and respected fighting arts in the world. For those who seek to understand its essence, Lethwei offers not just a lesson in combat but a deeper connection to the soul of Myanmar.